We can get :
Longitude
Latitude
Accuracy
Altitude - Not always available
Direction - Only available if user is moving
Speed - Only available if user is moving
Along with Location Information we also get Device Information without any permissions :
Unique ID using Canvas Fingerprinting
Device Model - Not always available
Operating System
Platform
Number of CPU Cores - Approximate Results
Amount of RAM - Approximate Results
Screen Resolution
GPU information
Browser Name and Version
Public IP Address
Local IP Address
Local Port